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Determining Good/evil Sunnah In Light Of: Whatever The Muslims View As Good/evil, Is So In The Sight Of Allah.


MuhammedAli

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Introduction:

Allah’s (subhanahu wa ta’ala) beloved Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) informed the Muslims of reward for introducing good Sunnahs into Islam and also informed us one who introduces an evil/sin Sunnah such a person will have to bear the consequences of it. And to determine what is good and evil/sinful Sunnah the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) gave rule; whatever a Muslim deems as good/evil is also good/evil in sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala).

Understanding Ahadith Of Good And Evil Sunnah:

Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) stated whosoever introduces a good Sunnah (i.e. precedent) into Islam and one who follows the innovated Sunnah will earn equal reward: “Whoever introduces a good Sunnah that is followed he will receive its reward and a reward equivalent to that of those who follow it, without that detracting from their reward in their slightest." [Ref: Ibn Majah, B1, H203] “He who introduced some good precedent (i.e. Sunnah) in Islam which was followed after him (by people) he would be assured of reward like one who followed it, without their rewards being diminished in any respect.” [Ref: Muslim, B34, H6466] And he is also reported to have said, whosoever introduces a bad/evil Sunnah into Islam for him and one who follows the evil/bad precedent both will earn equal blame/sin: “Whoever introduces an evil Sunnah (i.e. precedent, practice) that is followed after him, will bear the burden of sin for that and the equivalent of their burden of sin, without that detracting from their burden in the slightest.” [Ref: Ibn Majah, B1, H207] “And he who introduces a evil precedent (i.e. Sunnah) in Islam there is upon him the burden of that, and the burden of him also who acted upon it subsequently, without any deduction from their burden.” [Ref: Muslim, B34, H6466] Common sense dictates to introduce something into Islam it cannot be already part of Islam and if it is already part of Islam then nothing has been introduced into Islam. Please bare this point in your mind and read the following words of Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) who is reported to have said: “… introduces good Sunnah into Islam …” and “… introduces evil Sunnah into Islam …” When something is designed, or created, or assembled, or thought of, and that tradition, precedent, custom, belief, is not already part of Islam, then what is that something? Would that be prophetic Sunnah of Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam)? Or would that be an innovation? The words of Hadith itself imply innovation. In another Hadith the general meaning of prophetic statement is exactly same but the word, precedent, is replaced with word, innovation: "That indeed whoever revives a Sunnah from my Sunnah which has died after me, then for him is a reward similar to whomever acts upon it without diminishing anything from their rewards. And whoever introduces an erroneous innovation, which Allah is not pleased with nor His Messenger, then he shall receive sins similar to whoever acts upon it, without that diminishing anything from the sins of the people.'" [Ref: Tirmadhi, B29, H2677] “’Whoever revives a Sunnah of mine, which people then act upon, will have a reward equivalent to that of those who act upon it, without that detracting from their reward in the slightest. And whoever introduces an innovation that is acted upon, will have a burden of sins equivalent to that of those who act upon it, without that detracting from the burden of those who act upon it in the slightest.'" [Ref: Ibn Majah, B1, H209] Establishing that even though Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) used words good precedent he meant and implied good innovation.

What Is Good And Evil:

Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) is reported to have said: “… and He found that the hearts of his companions were the best among them. Thus, He made them into the ministers of His Prophet, fighting for the sake of His religion. And whatever the Muslims view as good is good in the sight of Allah, and whatever they view as evil is evil in the sight of Allah.” [Ref: Musnad Ahmad, Mukthireen, Ibn Mas’ud, H3589] Note in this Hadith the goodness and evilness is of a Muslim who has understanding of Islam and is a practicing Muslim. And at the very minimum has understanding of Haram and Halal, Kufr and Shirk. One who is without knowledge of Islam, and has no connection with Islam apart from the label, and yearly visit to mosque, and the moral campus of that Muslim is facing in the direction of Western secular humanism, and liberal prostitutionism, what such a Muslim sees as good and evil has nothing to do with good and evil of a Muslim. To begin with, good in the sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) is all that which Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) and His beloved Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) has instructed. Such as acts of Salah, Hajj, Saum, Nawafil, Tilawah, Sadqa, Khayrat, Zakat and other things. And evil in sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) is all which He has prohibited, polytheism and disbelief. Including all activities prohibited such as, murder, gambling, all types Islamicly illegal sexual activities, alcoholic beverages, usury/interest on money/goods, consumption of prohibited meats, and others. For a righteous Muslim Good of Allah (subhanahu  wa ta’ala) is good in his sight and evil in sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) is evil in judgment of a Muslim. Also note that following words of Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) imply; Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) uttered these words about something which requires judgment of a Muslim: “And whatever the Muslims view as good is good in the sight of Allah, and whatever they view as evil is evil in the sight of Allah.” [Ref: Musnad Ahmad, Mukthireen, Ibn Mas’ud, H3589] And this cannot be about something which already exists in Islam. Goodness and evilness of customs which are already in Islam has been made in Quran and Sunnah. So it must be about those activities which the Muslims did not find a judgment in Quran or Sunnah of Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam). In other words, the words of Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) were about Ijtihad and innovations, and he informed whatever new affair a Muslim judges to be good/evil via his Ijtihad is good/evil in sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala). This also establishes that for such judgment one must be an Aalim/Mufti to be able to make judgments on Shari’ah. And correct judgment of a Mufti/Mujtahid regarding a new affair is in the sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) is as it is in judgment of Mujtahid/Mufti.

What Is Good Sunnah In Sight Of Muslim:

Any innovated Sunnah, even if it is not Sunnah of Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) as whole, but is composed of parts of prophetic Sunnahs: consisting of worship, charity, spreading of knowledge, invitation to good, is a good Sunnah, and it will bring reward for the one who practices it and one who introduced it to Muslims. And when such a practice has been recognised as a good Sunnah in sight of Muslims than it is good Sunnah in judgment of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) also. Any innovated Sunnah/Bid’ah which an Aalim judges to be evil/sinful due to it being composed of activities which religion of Islam has determined to be blameworthy than such a innovated Sunnah is evil in sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala). Even if the foolish consider it to be good, its standing in Shari’ah will not be positive. Goodness and evilness of innovated Sunnahs is determined on what they are composed of. If they are composed of Islamicly sanctioned good, than it is good even if a Mufti declares it to be evil. And if innovated Sunnah is composed of Islamicly sanctioned evil than its true standing is evil if some Mufti declares it to be good. If there is dispute on an issue than refer to Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) and His Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam). And even when an issue is referred to an Aalim and there is no resolution than remember that Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) has instructed us: “One who found in his Amir something which he disliked should hold his patience, for one who separated from the main body of the Muslims even to the extent of a hand-span and then he died would die the death of one belonging to the days of pre-Islamic era of ignorance.” [Ref: Muslim, B20, H4559] The main body of something is always the bigger portion, the larger quantity, and this is also evident from following Ahadith: “Anas bin Malik said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah say: ‘My nation will not unite on misguidance, so if you see them differing, follow the great majority.’” [Ref: Ibn Majah, B36, H3950] “… the Prophet (Peace be upon him): "Two are better than one, and three better than two; so stick to the Jama'ah for verily Allah, Most Great and Glorious, will only unite my nation on guidance." [Ref: Musnad Ahmad, Kitab Al-Ansar, Abu Zar Al Ghaffari, Hadith 20776] Hence we’re under the prophetic instruction to adhere to teaching of majority of Muslim scholars, the Jamhoor (i.e. the majority), Sawad Al Azam (the group of great majority) and as per instruction of Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam) any judgment favoured by the great majority of Muslim scholars is so in sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala).

Conclusion:

Any Muslim with correct understanding of religion of Islam will judge those innovated Sunnahs which are composed of Islamicly sanctioned practices of; worship, charity, invitation to righteousness, prohibition of blameworthy, … as good by their nature. Even after acknowledging, the said innovated Sunnah did not exist at the time of RasoolAllah (sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi was’sallam), or his companions, or in the two generations which succeeded companions. Any innovated Sunnah which is deemed to be evil/sinful, or more serious such as Kufr, or Shirk by a righteous Muslim and it accords with the understanding of Jamhoor, belief of the great majority of correctly believing Muslims, than in the sight of Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) will be as the great majority judged it.

Wama alayna ilal balaghul mubeen.
Muhammed Ali Razavi

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